By Tammy Sroufe, R.N.
School Nurse
You’ve received the dreaded call that your child has head lice…now what? Well the first step is not to panic. In the United States there are between 6 million and 12 million cases of head lice each year, most commonly among elementary aged children. You are not alone. Chances are you have a friend or relative that has experienced this particular joy of parenting as well.
How exactly did this happen? Your child most likely came into close head-to-head contact with a child who had it, or perhaps they shared hats, brushes or stuffed animals. Is this a sign of poor hygiene? Absolutely not! In fact, lice prefer clean hair because it is easier to grip onto. The objective is to get ahead of the lice life cycle to effectively remove it, and to get ahead of it you have to understand it.
The adult louse, which is about two to three millimeters long, lays about 10 nits (eggs) a day onto strands of hair closest to the scalp. The nits are very small and in my experience are gray, cream or yellow in color. They are easily distinguishable from dry scalp flakes or hair product residue because they are firmly attached to the strand of hair at about a 45 degree angle and will not move if you blow on it or flick it with your finger. The nits hatch in about 10 to 14 days and reach adult size in nine to 12 days, so the life cycle repeats itself about every three weeks. The first sign is usually itching due to the irritation of the scalp. Lice tend to like the really warm areas of a head like the back of the neck and behind the ears, but I have found it many times right on top.
What is the best way to kill those critters? There are many products available and I would refer your to your pediatrician or pharmacist to see what they recommend. I also encourage you to follow the directions closely with these products. When applied correctly the products will kill the live lice, but the problem is that they do NOT kill nits, so a marathon session of manual nit removal with your fingernails or the appropriate nit comb should follow any product application.
The key to staying ahead of the life cycle is nit removal. You must be persistent daily in inspecting and removing any nits that you see for a minimum of two weeks. If you let up just for a day or two the life cycle can start all over again. Lice usually only survive about two days away from the scalp at normal room temperature, but a thorough cleaning and washing of any clothing or bed linens at 130° Fahrenheit will kill any and all stages. Stuffed animals should be washed as well or placed in an airtight bag for a minimum of two weeks and then put in the dryer on a high heat setting for good measure. Lastly, you should contact the parents of any students with whom your child has recently had sleepovers or close contact so they can check their own child or request a check by their school nurse. This helps to prevent widespread infestations. You now hold the key to success…go and conquer!
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